THE Football Association was guilty of “an institutional failing, for which there is no excuse” in delaying the implementation of child protection measures between October 1995 and May 2000, an independent review into historical sexual abuse has concluded.

The review by Clive Sheldon QC said high-profile convictions - including one for serial abuser Barry Bennell in the United States in 1995 - should have served as the catalyst for change, but that it took another five years for the FA to put adequate processes in place.

"The FA acted far too slowly to introduce appropriate and sufficient child protection measures, and to ensure that safeguarding was taken sufficiently seriously by those involved in the game," the report stated.

"These are significant institutional failings for which there is no excuse. During this period, the FA did not do enough to keep children safe."

Clive Sheldon.

Clive Sheldon.

There were failings even after 2000, the report said. It cited the fact that no measures were put in place to stop Bennell, who had worked as a youth coach affiliated to Manchester City, Crewe and Stoke, from returning to football after his release from prison in 2003. Even though the report found no evidence that he had returned to football, the FA's failure to monitor it "allowed children to be put at potential risk".

'The devil incarnate'

Bennell was sentenced to 31 years in prison in February 2018 for 50 counts of child abuse against 12 boys aged eight to 15 between 1979 and 1991. Judge Clement Goldstone QC described Bennell as "the devil incarnate". He was sentenced to a further four years last year.

The FA was also criticised for failing to look again at allegations against Southampton and Peterborough youth coach Bob Higgins when the standard of proof in disciplinary cases was lowered in 2003. Higgins was sentenced to 24 years in prison in 2019 after being found guilty of 46 counts of indecent assault against 24 people between 1971 and 1996.

The review also looked at how the FA and individuals at clubs with links to suspected or convicted abusers dealt with reports of abuse. It stated that, in some cases, "clubs acted too slowly, or inappropriately" in response to such reports.

Barry Bennell.

Barry Bennell.

Complaints not handled properly

It highlighted numerous examples where clubs linked to abusers had heard rumours or received complaints about them and failed to handle them properly.

In all, the review said that data passed to it by Operation Hydrant in August 2020 had identified 240 suspects and 692 survivors.

Sheldon believes the actual number who were abused but had not come forward to report it was far higher, but concluded that abuse was "not commonplace" and that the "overwhelming majority" of children were able to engage with football safely.

13 recommendations

The review makes 13 recommendations for the FA to improve safeguarding. These include a board member becoming a safeguarding champion, an annual review of safeguarding spot-checks that grassroots clubs can carry out and the employment of safeguarding officers at all 92 professional clubs - full time in the Premier League and Championship and part time in Leagues One and Two.

It also calls for an annual safeguarding review and a National Day of Safeguarding In Football.

The FA will formally respond later this afternoon.